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Solanum tuberosum (Potato)
Conical/triangular starch grain and sphere shaped starch grains (transitory) ranging from 2 - 30 microns. Hilum is eccentric and rarely open. Extinction cross is well defined, with arms being slightly bent. Surface is smooth and lamellae are…
Phaseolus coccineus (Scarlet Runner Bean)
Ovoid - Elongate / Kidney shaped (reniform) starch grain and sphere shaped starch grains (transitory) ranging from 5 - 25 microns. Hilum is centric and extinction cross is bold, yet distorted medially as both y and x forms. Surface is smooth and …
Zizania latifolia (Wild rice)
Polygonal / angular starch grains, ranging from 3 - 8 microns. Centric hilum and well-defined extinction cross. Fissures uncommon and grains are often compound.
Supporting literature:
Yang, X., and Perry, L. 2013. Identification of ancient starch…
Supporting literature:
Yang, X., and Perry, L. 2013. Identification of ancient starch…
Zea mays (Haudenosaunee White Corn - dried)
polygonal and sphere shaped starch grains (transitory) ranging from 5 - 20 microns. Hilum is typically centric and open. Extinction cross is well defined, with arms being straight or slightly bent (reflecting uneven surface). Lamellae are absent and…
Schoenoplectus lacustris (Common club-rush)
Acicular hairs (articulated)
Triticum monococcum (Einkorn)
Circular/ovoid starch grain, lenticular in side view. Radially symmetrical extinction cross.
Supporting literature:
Henry, A.G., Hudson, H.F., and Piperno, D.R. 2009. Changes in starch grain morphologies from cooking. Journal of Archaeological…
Supporting literature:
Henry, A.G., Hudson, H.F., and Piperno, D.R. 2009. Changes in starch grain morphologies from cooking. Journal of Archaeological…
Schoenoplectus lacustris (Common club-rush)
Cone phytoliths typical of sedges
Supporting literature:
Mehra, PN and Sharma, OP 1965 Epidermal silica ceIls in the Cyperaceae. Botanical Gazette 126: 53-58.
Ollendorf, A.L., 1992. Toward a classification scheme of sedge (Cyperaceae)…
Supporting literature:
Mehra, PN and Sharma, OP 1965 Epidermal silica ceIls in the Cyperaceae. Botanical Gazette 126: 53-58.
Ollendorf, A.L., 1992. Toward a classification scheme of sedge (Cyperaceae)…
Vicia faba (Broad Bean)
Non-lenticular ovate starch grains. Fissures are present and lamellae are rarely visible. Starch grains in this sample averaged 10 - 20 microns.
Typha latifolia (Bulrush)
Non-lenticular starch grains, ovate/circular in form. Hilum appears to be central, bowed X shape extinction cross. Starch grains averaged 6 - 10 microns in this sample.
Pisum sativum (Pea)
Ovoid and/or elongated, non-lenticular starch grains. Lamellae sometimes visible (med-large grains), central fissure (mesial longitudinal cleft fissure) and wrinkled surface common. Extinction cross is central, "often elongated on the same axis as…